Articles by Luca de Alpas

Peptides sit in three very different regulatory categories: cosmetics, supplements, and medicine. Here is what that split actually means for safety, and how to tell which category a product falls into.

Peptides are often described as “sending signals” to cells, but what does that actually mean? Here is what happens between applying a serum or taking a supplement and any visible result.

These three words get used as if they mean the same thing. They don’t. Here is the actual relationship between amino acids, peptides, and proteins, and why the size difference matters for how each one works.

Peptides are everywhere, from serum labels to supplement bottles to your feed. This guide explains what they actually are, how they work in skincare and supplements, and what the evidence supports, without the hype.